| Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website http://www.cardiologyres.org |
Review
Volume 9, Number 6, December 2018, pages 335-342
Bioprosthetic Valve Thrombosis
Tables
| Patient factors | Valve/surgical factors | Rheolytic factors |
|---|---|---|
| BPVT: bioprosthetic valve thrombosis; VA-ECMO: venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; VIV: valve-in-valve; TAVR: transcatheter aortic valve replacement. | ||
| High body mass index | Small valve size | Lack of anticoagulation, |
| Female gender | TAVR valve-in-valve (VIV) | Hypercoagulability |
| Atrial fibrillation | Suboptimal valve placement (TAVR) | Eosinophilia |
| Atrial dilatation | Non-resection of native valve | Oral contraceptives |
| low cardiac function | Aortic root morphology | Polycythemia |
| VA-ECMO | Calcified aortic annulus | HIT |
| Calcium supplements | Fondaparinux | |
| Kounis syndrome | ||
| BPVT: bioprosthetic valve thrombosis; TVG: transvalvular gradient; INR: international normalized ratio. |
| ≥ 50% TVG increase from baseline within 5 years of surgery without high cardiac output |
| Increase cusp thickening (> 2 mm) especially on the downstream aspect of the valve |
| Abnormal cusp mobility |
| Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation |
| Subtherapeutic INR |