Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 15, Number 1, February 2024, pages 12-17

Preliminary Experience With Remimazolam for Procedural Sedation and as an Adjunct to General Anesthesia During Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiac Procedures

Figure

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Remimazolam infusion rates by procedural sedation encounter.

Tables

Table 1. Demographic Date of the Retrospective Study Cohort
 
SD: standard deviation.
Procedures and anesthetic encounters33
Number of patients26
Patient age (years)
  0 - 12
  ≥ 2 - 80
  ≥ 9 - 1818
  ≥ 1913
Age (years; mean ± SD, median)19.1 ± 9.6, 18.0
Weight (kg; mean ± SD, median)73.5 ± 9.6, 63.9
Body mass index (kg/m2; mean ± SD, median)26.2 ± 7.31, 24.1
Procedure
  Post-transplant endomyocardial biopsy18
  Hemodynamic left and/or right heart catheterization6
  Cardioversion/transesophageal echocardiogram3
  Pericardial drain placement2
  Transcatheter aortic valve replacement1
  Pacemaker battery replacement1
  Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging1
  Automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator placement1
Airway
  Native or nasal canula29
  Non-invasive ventilation1
  Endotracheal intubation for procedure2
  Tracheostomy1

 

Table 2. Remimazolam Dosing and Use of Adjuncts
 
SD: standard deviation.
Primary pharmacologic therapy82% (27)
Remimazolam bolus (% and number of patients)76% (25)
Remimazolam infusion rate (µg/kg/min, mean ± SD, median)7 ± 3, 7
Starting infusion dose (µg/kg/min; number of patients)
  53
  81
  1013
  158
  208
Total infusion time (min; mean ± SD, median)91.2 ± 59.8, 75
Total anesthesia time (min; mean ± SD, median)135 ± 76, 115
Adjuncts use (number of cases)
  Fentanyl25
  Dexmedetomidine15
  Midazolam10
  Ketamine8
  Volatile anesthetic agent2