Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 15, Number 3, June 2024, pages 129-133

Disparity in the Under-Utilization of Novel P2Y12 Inhibitors in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Figure 1. Odds ratio of being discharged on clopidogrel following STEMI. Numbers represented next to the group are odds ratio (confidence interval). STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; CI: confidence interval.

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristics of Patients Presenting With STEMI (From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 in Our Cohort)
Baseline	Clopidogrel (n = 188)	Ticagrelor (n = 125)	Prasugrel (n = 53)
Quantitative values have measure of central tendency and dispersion in parenthesis, and qualitative values have number and percentage of the total in parenthesis. STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; AA: African Americans; BMI: body mass index; TIA: transient ischemic attack; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; HD: hemodialysis; PVD: peripheral vascular disease.
Age (mean)	65 (± 12.5)	60 (± 12.0)	54 (± 9.9)
Age ≥ 75	49 (26.1%)	13 (10.4%)	0 (0%)
Female sex	65 (34.6%)	34 (27.2%)	11 (20.8%)
Male sex	123 (65.4%)	91 (72.8%)	42 (79.2%)
Race
White	118 (62.8%)	88 (70.4%)	37 (69.8%)
AA	54 (28.7%)	28 (22.4%)	12 (22.6%)
Asian	6 (3.2%)	4 (3.2%)	2 (3.8%)
Hispanic	5 (2.7%)	2 (1.6%)	0 (0%)
Health insurance
Medicare	72 (38.3%)	35 (28.0%)	4 (7.5%)
Medicaid	19 (10.1%)	9 (7.2%)	5 (9.4%)
Private	142 (75.5%)	99 (79.2%)	47 (88.7%)
No insurance	5 (2.7%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)
BMI	30 (± 6.3)	28 (± 5.4)	29 (± 5.2)
Weight < 60 kg	11 (5.9%)	6 (4.8%)	1 (1.9%)
Current/recent smoker	59 (31.4%)	34 (27.2%)	18 (34.0%)
Hypertension	133 (70.7%)	89 (71.2%)	27 (50.9%)
Diabetes	53 (28.2%)	39 (31.2%)	13 (24.5%)
ESRD on HD	1 (0.5%)	1 (0.8%)	1 (1.9%)
Dyslipidemia	108 (57.4%)	74 (59.2%)	23 (43.4%)
Stroke/TIA	19 (10.1%)	12 (9.6%)	0 (0%)
PVD	7 (3.7%)	7 (5.6%)	0 (0%)
Chronic lung disease	16 (8.5%)	11 (8.8%)	3 (5.7%)
Apixaban	21 (11.2%)	3 (2.4%)	2 (3.8%)
Rivaroxaban	5 (2.7%)	1 (0.8%)	0 (0%)
Dabigatran	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)
Warfarin	4 (2.1%)	0 (0%)	0 (0%)

Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of Patients Presenting With STEMI (From January 1, 2018 to December 31, 2021 in Our Cohort)

Baseline

Clopidogrel (n = 188)

Ticagrelor (n = 125)

Prasugrel (n = 53)

Quantitative values have measure of central tendency and dispersion in parenthesis, and qualitative values have number and percentage of the total in parenthesis. STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; AA: African Americans; BMI: body mass index; TIA: transient ischemic attack; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; HD: hemodialysis; PVD: peripheral vascular disease.

Age (mean)

65 (± 12.5)

60 (± 12.0)

54 (± 9.9)

Age ≥ 75

49 (26.1%)

13 (10.4%)

0 (0%)

Female sex

65 (34.6%)

34 (27.2%)

11 (20.8%)

Male sex

123 (65.4%)

91 (72.8%)

42 (79.2%)

Race

White

118 (62.8%)

88 (70.4%)

37 (69.8%)

54 (28.7%)

28 (22.4%)

12 (22.6%)

Asian

6 (3.2%)

4 (3.2%)

2 (3.8%)

Hispanic

5 (2.7%)

2 (1.6%)

0 (0%)

Health insurance

Medicare

72 (38.3%)

35 (28.0%)

4 (7.5%)

Medicaid

19 (10.1%)

9 (7.2%)

5 (9.4%)

Private

142 (75.5%)

99 (79.2%)

47 (88.7%)

No insurance

5 (2.7%)

1 (0.8%)

0 (0%)

BMI

30 (± 6.3)

28 (± 5.4)

29 (± 5.2)

Weight < 60 kg

11 (5.9%)

6 (4.8%)

1 (1.9%)

Current/recent smoker

59 (31.4%)

34 (27.2%)

18 (34.0%)

Hypertension

133 (70.7%)

89 (71.2%)

27 (50.9%)

Diabetes

53 (28.2%)

39 (31.2%)

13 (24.5%)

ESRD on HD

1 (0.5%)

1 (0.8%)

1 (1.9%)

Dyslipidemia

108 (57.4%)

74 (59.2%)

23 (43.4%)

Stroke/TIA

19 (10.1%)

12 (9.6%)

0 (0%)

PVD

7 (3.7%)

7 (5.6%)

0 (0%)

Chronic lung disease

16 (8.5%)

11 (8.8%)

3 (5.7%)

Apixaban

21 (11.2%)

3 (2.4%)

2 (3.8%)

Rivaroxaban

5 (2.7%)

1 (0.8%)

0 (0%)

Dabigatran

0 (0%)

Warfarin

4 (2.1%)

0 (0%)

**Table 2.** Percentage of Patients Being Prescribed Clopidogrel and Ticagrelor or Prasugrel at Discharge Following Admission for STEMI
	Clopidogrel	Ticagrelor or prasugrel	CI, P value
STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; CI: confidence interval.
Race
White	48.6%	51.4%	0.91 - 2.25, 0.115
Non-White	57.5%	42.5%
Sex
Male	48.0%	52.0%	0.99 - 2.46, 0.053
Female	59.1%	40.9%
Insurance
Private insurance	49.3%	50.7%	1.22 - 2.74, 0.003
Non-private insurance	64.0%	36.0%

Table 2. Percentage of Patients Being Prescribed Clopidogrel and Ticagrelor or Prasugrel at Discharge Following Admission for STEMI

Clopidogrel

Ticagrelor or prasugrel

CI, P value

STEMI: ST-elevation myocardial infarction; CI: confidence interval.

Race

White

48.6%

51.4%

0.91 - 2.25, 0.115

Non-White

57.5%

42.5%

Sex

Male

48.0%

52.0%

0.99 - 2.46, 0.053

Female

59.1%

40.9%

Insurance

Private insurance

49.3%

50.7%

1.22 - 2.74, 0.003

Non-private insurance

64.0%

36.0%