Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 14, Number 1, February 2023, pages 63-68

Improving Access to Cardiovascular Care Through Telehealth: A Single-Center Experience

**Table 1.** Demographic Covariates Stratified by Availability of Telehealth
Variable	Frequency (percent)	P value
*Statistically significant (P value < 0.05). ^aVisit type is excluded from the analysis to avoid multicollinearity with the telemedicine variable. AA: African American; NA: not available.
Age, median (mean)	54 (50.4)	54 (50.9)
Gender			0.917
Male	625 (39.8%)	699 (40.0%)
Female	944 (60.2%)	1,048 (60.0%)
Race			0.667
White	581 (37.0%)	632 (36.2%)
AA	847 (54.0%)	943 (54.0%)
Other	141 (9.0%)	172 (9.8%)
Marital status			0.855
Previously married	517 (33.4%)	566 (32.6%)
Married or dating	337 (21.8%)	399 (23.0%)
Single	672 (43.4%)	747 (43.1%)
Other	22 (1.4%)	23 (1.3%)
Visit type^a			NA
Established patient	931 (59.3%)	814 (46.6%)
New patient	616 (39.3%)	628 (40.0%)
Televisit	0 (0.0%)	272 (15.57%)
Other	22 (1.4%)	33 (1.89%)
Insurance			< 0.001*
Private	27 (2.1%)	80 (5.3%)
Medicare	31 (2.4%)	115 (7.6%)
Medicaid	946 (73.5%)	1051 (69.6%)
City-Contract	259 (20.1%)	230 (15.2%)
Other	25 (1.9%)	35 (2.3%)

Table 1. Demographic Covariates Stratified by Availability of Telehealth

Variable

Frequency (percent)

P value

No telehealth (n = 1,569)

Telehealth (n = 1,747)

*Statistically significant (P value < 0.05). ^aVisit type is excluded from the analysis to avoid multicollinearity with the telemedicine variable. AA: African American; NA: not available.

Age, median (mean)

54 (50.4)

54 (50.9)

Gender

0.917

Male

625 (39.8%)

699 (40.0%)

Female

944 (60.2%)

1,048 (60.0%)

Race

0.667

White

581 (37.0%)

632 (36.2%)

847 (54.0%)

943 (54.0%)

Other

141 (9.0%)

172 (9.8%)

Marital status

0.855

Previously married

517 (33.4%)

566 (32.6%)

Married or dating

337 (21.8%)

399 (23.0%)

Single

672 (43.4%)

747 (43.1%)

Other

22 (1.4%)

23 (1.3%)

Visit type^a

Established patient

931 (59.3%)

814 (46.6%)

New patient

616 (39.3%)

628 (40.0%)

Televisit

0 (0.0%)

272 (15.57%)

Other

22 (1.4%)

33 (1.89%)

Insurance

< 0.001*

Private

27 (2.1%)

80 (5.3%)

Medicare

31 (2.4%)

115 (7.6%)

Medicaid

946 (73.5%)

1051 (69.6%)

City-Contract

259 (20.1%)

230 (15.2%)

Other

25 (1.9%)

35 (2.3%)

**Table 2.** Chi-Square Analysis Between Introduction of Telehealth and Attendance of Scheduled Visits
Telehealth	Attendance	P value
No telehealth	1,099 (70.04%)	470 (29.96%)	< 0.001
Telehealth	1,349 (77.22%)	398 (22.78%)

Table 2. Chi-Square Analysis Between Introduction of Telehealth and Attendance of Scheduled Visits

Telehealth

Attendance

P value

Show

No-show

No telehealth

1,099 (70.04%)

470 (29.96%)

< 0.001

Telehealth

1,349 (77.22%)

398 (22.78%)

**Table 3.** Demographic Covariates Stratified by Appointment Status
Variable	Frequency (percent)	P value
*Statistically significant (P value < 0.05). ^aVisit type is excluded from the analysis to avoid multicollinearity with the telemedicine variable. AA: African American; NA: not available.
Gender
Male	965 (39.1%)	368 (42.4%)	0.084
Female	1,492 (60.9%)	500 (57.6%)
Race
White	928 (37.9%)	285 (32.8%)	0.011*
AA	1,284 (52.5%)	506 (58.3%)
Other	236 (9.6%)	77 (8.9%)
Marital status
Previously married	818 (33.6%)	265 (31.1%)	0.021*
Married or dating	565 (23.2%)	171 (20.1%)
Single	1,020 (42.0%)	399 (46.9%)
Other	29 (1.2%)	16 (1.9%)
Visit type^a
Established patient	1,299 (53.1%)	446 (51.4%)	NA
New patient	873 (35.7%)	371 (42.7%)
Telehealth	243 (9.9%)	22 (2.5%)
Other	33 (1.3%)	29 (3.4%)
Insurance
Commercial	91 (3.9%)	16 (3.6%)	< 0.001*
Medicare	126 (5.3%)	20 (4.6%)
Medicaid	1,633 (69.2%)	364 (82.9%)
City-Contract	462 (19.6%)	27 (6.2%)
Other	48 (2.0%)	12 (2.7%)

Table 3. Demographic Covariates Stratified by Appointment Status

Variable

Frequency (percent)

P value

Show (n = 2,448)

No-show (n = 868)

*Statistically significant (P value < 0.05). ^aVisit type is excluded from the analysis to avoid multicollinearity with the telemedicine variable. AA: African American; NA: not available.

Gender

Male

965 (39.1%)

368 (42.4%)

0.084

Female

1,492 (60.9%)

500 (57.6%)

Race

White

928 (37.9%)

285 (32.8%)

0.011*

1,284 (52.5%)

506 (58.3%)

Other

236 (9.6%)

77 (8.9%)

Marital status

Previously married

818 (33.6%)

265 (31.1%)

0.021*

Married or dating

565 (23.2%)

171 (20.1%)

Single

1,020 (42.0%)

399 (46.9%)

Other

29 (1.2%)

16 (1.9%)

Visit type^a

Established patient

1,299 (53.1%)

446 (51.4%)

New patient

873 (35.7%)

371 (42.7%)

Telehealth

243 (9.9%)

22 (2.5%)

Other

33 (1.3%)

29 (3.4%)

Insurance

Commercial

91 (3.9%)

16 (3.6%)

< 0.001*

Medicare

126 (5.3%)

20 (4.6%)

Medicaid

1,633 (69.2%)

364 (82.9%)

City-Contract

462 (19.6%)

27 (6.2%)

Other

48 (2.0%)

12 (2.7%)

**Table 4.** Multiple Logistic Regression Results (Attendance Is the Dependent Variable)
Parameter	OR	95% CI for OR	P value
CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.
Intercept				< 0.001
Marital status (reference: single)
Previously married	1.34	1.05	1.70	0.021
Married or dating	1.39	1.05	1.82	0.019
Other	0.50	0.26	1.15	0.101
Insurance type (reference: private)
City-Contract	3.51	1.79	6.87	< 0.001
Medicaid	0.85	0.49	1.47	0.551
Medicare	1.03	0.50	2.12	0.927
Other	0.78	0.34	1.78	0.548
Telemedicine	1.31	1.07	1.62	0.011

Table 4. Multiple Logistic Regression Results (Attendance Is the Dependent Variable)

Parameter

95% CI for OR

P value

CI: confidence interval; OR: odds ratio.

Intercept

< 0.001

Marital status (reference: single)

Previously married

1.34

1.05

1.70

0.021

Married or dating

1.39

1.05

1.82

0.019

Other

0.50

0.26

1.15

0.101

Insurance type (reference: private)

City-Contract

3.51

1.79

6.87

< 0.001

Medicaid

0.85

0.49

1.47

0.551

Medicare

1.03

0.50

2.12

0.927

Other

0.78

0.34

1.78

0.548

Telemedicine

1.31

1.07

1.62

0.011