Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 14, Number 1, February 2023, pages 54-62


The Complexity of Peripheral Arterial Disease and Coronary Artery Disease in Diabetic Patients: An Observational Study

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. SYNTAX score categories.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. TASC II classification distribution. TASC II: Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Relation between SYNTAX scores and TASC II classification. TASC II: Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. Relation between SYNTAX scores IQR and TASC II classification. IQR: interquartile range; TASC II: Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II.
Figure 5.
Figure 5. Correlation between SYNTAX score and ABI. ABI: ankle brachial index.
Figure 6.
Figure 6. Correlation between SYNTAX score and HbA1c. HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin.

Tables

Table 1. TASC II Classification of Aortoiliac Lesions [6]
 
AAA: abdominal aortic aneurysm; CFA: common femoral artery; CIA: common iliac artery; EIA: external iliac artery; TASC II: Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II.
Type A lesionsUnilateral or bilateral stenoses of CIA
Unilateral or bilateral single short (≤ 3 cm) stenosis of EIA
Type B lesionsShort (≤ 3 cm) stenosis of infrarenal aorta
Unilateral CIA occlusion
Single or multiple stenosis totaling 3 - 10 cm involving the EIA not extending into the CFA
Unilateral EIA occlusion not involving the origins of internal iliac or CFA
Type C lesionsBilateral CIA occlusions
Bilateral EIA stenoses 3 - 10 cm long not extending into the CFA
Unilateral EIA stenosis extending into the CFA
Unilateral EIA occlusion that involves the origins of internal iliac and/or CFA
Heavily calcified unilateral EIA occlusion with or without involvement of origins of internal iliac and/or CFA
Type D lesionsInfra-renal aortoiliac occlusion
Diffuse disease involving the aorta and both iliac arteries requiring treatment
Diffuse multiple stenoses involving the unilateral CIA, EIA and CFA
Unilateral occlusions of both CIA and EIA
Bilateral occlusions of EIA
Iliac stenoses in patients with AAA requiring treatment and not amenable to endograft placement or other lesions requiring open aortic or iliac surgery

 

Table 2. TASC II Classification of Femoral Popliteal Lesions [6]
 
CFA: common femoral artery; SFA: superficial femoral artery; TASC II: Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II.
Type A lesionsSingle stenosis ≤ 10 cm in length
Single occlusion ≤ 5 cm in length
Type B lesionsMultiple lesions (stenoses or occlusions), each ≤ 5 cm
Single stenosis or occlusion ≤ 15 cm not involving the infra geniculate popliteal artery
Single or multiple lesions in the absence of continuous tibial vessels to improve inflow for a distal bypass
Heavily calcified occlusion ≤ 5 cm in length
Single popliteal stenosis
Type C lesionsMultiple stenoses or occlusions totaling > 15 cm with or without heavy calcification
Recurrent stenoses or occlusions that need treatment after two endovascular interventions
Type D lesionsChronic total occlusions of CFA or SFA (> 20 cm, involving the popliteal artery)
Chronic total occlusion of popliteal artery and proximal trifurcation vessels

 

Table 3. Demographic and Baseline Characteristics
 
Continuous variables are represented as mean ± SD, and categorical variables as percentages. ABI: ankle brachial index; FH: family history; HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c; HTN: hypertension; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; PAD: peripheral arterial disease; SD: standard deviation.
Males40 (80%)
Age (years)62.12 ± 5.71
Smoking40 (80%)
HTN42 (84%)
Dyslipidemia50 (100%)
FH9 (18%)
Creatinine (mg/dL)1.03 ± 0.07
0.9 - 1.2
HbA1c (%)8.47 ± 1.47
6.7 - 12
LDL (mg/dL)157 ± 15
135 - 200
LVEF (%)53.6 ± 5.2
40 - 64
ABI0.8 ± 0.1
0.7 - 1.1
Symptoms for PAD3 (6%)

 

Table 4. SYNTAX Versus TASC II Class
 
SYNTAXTASC II classP value
A (N = 12)B (N = 14)C (N = 11)D (N = 13)
IQR: interquartile range; TASC II: Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II.
SYNTAX groups0.046
  Mild11(91.7%)10 (71.4%)3 (27.3%)6 (46.2%)
  Moderate1 (8.3%)3 (21.4%)4 (36.4%)4 (30.8%)
  Severe0 (0.0%)1 (7.1%)4 (36.4%)3 (23.1%)
SYNTAX score0.008
  Median (IQR)10.00 (2.5 - 16)13.50 (10 - 22.5)26.50 (19 - 36)19.50 (13 - 27)
  Range1 - 375 - 38.511 - 548 - 67
Post hoc analysisA vs. BA vs. CA vs. DB vs. CB vs. DC vs. D
SYNTAX groups0.380.0060.0440.0660.3480.612
SYNTAX score0.310.0020.020.0220.1490.343

 

Table 5. TASC II Class and ABI
 
ABITASC IIP-value
A (N = 12)B (N = 14)C (N = 11)D (N = 13)
ABI: ankle brachial index; SD: standard deviation; TASC II: Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II.
ABI score0.001
  Mean ± SD1.03 ± 0.050.92 ± 0.050.83 ± 0.060.81 ± 0.07
  Range1 - 1.10.85 - 1.080.73 - 0.930.7 - 0.87
ABI groups0.001
  Normal12 (100.0%)1 (7.1%)0 (0.0%)0 (0.0%)
  Borderline0 (0.0%)7 (50.0%)1 (9.1%)0 (0.0%)
  Low0 (0.0%)6 (42.9%)10 (90.9%)13 (100.0%)
Post hoc analysisA vs. BA vs. CA vs. DB vs. CB vs. DC vs. D
ABI score0.0010.0010.0010.0010.0010.291
ABI groups0.0010.0010.0010.0440.0180.573