Figure 1. Drug interactions with warfarin.
| Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access |
| Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc |
| Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org |
Original Article
Volume 14, Number 1, February 2023, pages 38-44
Potential Association of Holidays on Internationalized Normalized Ratio in Warfarin-Users at a Multidisciplinary Clinic
Figure
Tables
| Characteristic | Mean and SD or n (%) |
|---|---|
| All values represent number with percentage except for age. aPer the US National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, one “standard” drink (or one alcoholic drink equivalent) contains roughly 14 g of pure alcohol, which is found in: 12 ounces of regular beer (5% alcohol), 5 ounces of wine (12% alcohol), and 1.5 ounces of distilled spirits (40% alcohol) [12]. AF: atrial fibrillation; CAD: coronary artery disease; CHF: chronic heart failure; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; HLD: hyperlipidemia; HTN: hypertension; INR: international normalized ratio; SD: standard deviation; VTE: venous thromboembolism. | |
| Age in years | 71.5 ± 14.3 |
| Gender | |
| Male | 51 (55.4%) |
| Female | 41 (44.6%) |
| Race | |
| Caucasian | 57 (62.0%) |
| Hispanic | 24 (26.1%) |
| Black | 8 (8.7%) |
| Other | 3 (3.3%) |
| Past medical history | |
| CHF | 12 (13%) |
| AF | 78 (84.8%) |
| VTE (current or past) | 8 (8.7%) |
| Mechanical valve replacement | 14 (15.2%) |
| HTN | 64 (70.3%) |
| HLD | 51 (55.4%) |
| DM | 26 (28.6%) |
| CAD | 38 (41.3%) |
| ESRD | 14 (15.4%) |
| COPD | 6 (6.5%) |
| Liver disease | 4 (4.3%) |
| Substance use | |
| Methamphetamine (current or past) | 1 (1.1%) |
| Alcohol | |
| < 2 standard drinksa/day | 87 (94.6%) |
| > 2 standard drinksa/day | 5 (5.4%) |
| Tobacco | |
| < 10 cigarettes/day | 79 (85.9%) |
| > 10 cigarettes/day | 13 (14.1%) |
| Target INR goal | |
| 1.8 - 2.5 | 2 (2.2%) |
| 2.0 - 3.0 | 81 (89.0%) |
| 2.5 - 3.5 | 8 (8.8%) |
| Holiday | Date | N | Pre-holiday INR | Post-holiday INR | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean days from holiday | SD | Mean days from holiday | SD | ||||
| INR: international normalized ratio; MLK: Martin Luther King; SD: standard deviation. | |||||||
| New Year’s Day | January 1 | 35 | 7.82 | 11.21 | 8.21 | 10.74 | 0.882 |
| MLK Day | Third Monday of January | 41 | 5.71 | 8.15 | 6.12 | 9.59 | 0.835 |
| George Washington’s Day | Third Monday of February | 58 | 4.82 | 9.25 | 5.14 | 8.17 | 0.844 |
| Memorial Day | Last Monday of May | 62 | 5.26 | 8.14 | 6.21 | 7.24 | 0.494 |
| Independence Day | July 4 | 65 | 7.21 | 6.15 | 8.62 | 5.68 | 0.423 |
| Labor Day | First Monday of September | 71 | 5.62 | 10.12 | 6.14 | 10.31 | 0.762 |
| Columbus Day | Second Monday of October | 71 | 2.89 | 5.14 | 3.12 | 5.76 | 0.802 |
| Veterans Day | November 11 | 62 | 4.67 | 6.12 | 5.14 | 7.84 | 0.711 |
| Thanksgiving Day | Last Thursday of November | 63 | 8.14 | 9.53 | 9.58 | 8.42 | 0.371 |
| Christmas Day | December 25 | 61 | 9.59 | 8.83 | 8.53 | 7.31 | 0.472 |
| N | Pre-holiday INR | Post-holiday INR | P-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |||
| *Statistically significant at an alpha of < 0.05. INR: international normalized ratio; MLK: Martin Luther King; SD: standard deviation. | ||||||
| New Year’s Day | 35 | 2.61 | 0.84 | 2.56 | 1.04 | 0.684 |
| MLK Day | 41 | 2.65 | 0.88 | 2.64 | 1.01 | 0.980 |
| George Washington’s Day | 58 | 2.36 | 0.65 | 2.64 | 1.05 | 0.050 |
| Memorial Day | 62 | 2.67 | 0.99 | 2.56 | 0.85 | 0.485 |
| Independence Day | 65 | 2.55 | 0.71 | 2.81 | 1.19 | 0.043* |
| Labor Day | 71 | 2.57 | 0.88 | 2.49 | 0.91 | 0.536 |
| Columbus Day | 71 | 2.39 | 0.70 | 2.82 | 0.89 | < 0.001* |
| Veterans Day | 62 | 2.65 | 0.83 | 2.68 | 1.30 | 0.863 |
| Thanksgiving Day | 63 | 2.51 | 0.72 | 2.68 | 1.30 | 0.287 |
| Christmas Day | 61 | 2.65 | 0.94 | 2.65 | 1.20 | > 0.999 |