Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Review

Volume 14, Number 1, February 2023, pages 2-11

Assessment of Volume Status in Hospitalized Patients With Chronic Heart Failure

Figure

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Suggested diagnostic approach for volume status assessment in hospitalized patients with HF. HF: heart failure; NT-ProBNP: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide.

Tables

Table 1. Sensitivity, Specificity and LRs of Various Physical Exam Findings for Detection of Elevated Intracardiac Pressures in Patients With Known or Suspected HF
 
Exam findingSensitivity (%)Specificity (%)LR of positive findingLR of negative finding
LR: likelihood ratio; HF: heart failure; JVP: jugular venous pressure.
Third heart sound12 - 3785 - 995.7 - 110.80 - 0.88
Fourth heart sound5 - 7150 - 971.60.98
Bilateral pulmonary rales in patient with known cardiac disease12 - 6078 - 962.80.51
Bilateral lower extremity pitting edema10 - 5078 - 962.30.64
JVP > 8 cm H2O10 - 5892 - 973.9 - 5.10.66
Hepatojugular reflex24 - 8483 - 986.4 - 8.00.30 - 0.79

 

Table 2. Sensitivity, Specificity and PPV of Various CXR Findings for Diagnosis of HF
 
CXR findingSensitivity (%)Specificity (%)PPV (%)NPV (%)
CXR: chest X-ray; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; HF: heart failure.
Interstitial edema18 - 2993 - 9578 - 8254 - 57
Alveolar edema2 - 1297 - 9939 - 9350 - 53
Bilateral pleural effusions1 - 2095 - 9976 - 8153 - 55
Pulmonary vessel cephalization18 - 2093 - 9470 - 7556 - 70
Cardiomegaly54 - 6471 - 7969 - 7163 - 66