Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 11, Number 6, December 2020, pages 392-397

Correlations Between the Ankle-Brachial Index, Percentage of Mean Arterial Pressure, and Upstroke Time for Endovascular Treatment

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Pre-EVT scatter plots. (a) The ABI and %MAP; (b) The ABI and UT; and (c) The %MAP and UT. EVT: endovascular treatment; ABI: ankle-brachial index; %MAP: percentage of mean arterial pressure; UT: upstroke time
Figure 2.
Figure 2. (a) The ABI before and after EVT. (b) The %MAP before and after EVT. (c) The UT before and after EVT. ABI: ankle-brachial index; %MAP: percentage of mean arterial pressure; UT: upstroke time; EVT: endovascular treatment.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. One day post-EVT scatter plots. (a) The ABI and %MAP; (b) The ABI and UT; and (c) The %MAP and UT. EVT: endovascular treatment; ABI: ankle-brachial index; %MAP: percentage of mean arterial pressure; UT: upstroke time.
Figure 4.
Figure 4. (a) Pre-EVT relationship between %MAP and lesion length. (b) One day post-EVT relationship between %MAP and lesion length. (c) %MAP improvement according to the lesion length before and after EVT. (d) %MAP improvement according to the PACSS before and after EVT. %MAP: percentage of mean arterial pressure; EVT: endovascular treatment; PACSS: peripheral arterial calcium scoring system.
Figure 5.
Figure 5. Comparison of the %MAP improvement between the patients who underwent re-EVT and those who did not undergo re-EVT (at the time of the first outpatient visit). %MAP: percentage of mean arterial pressure; EVT: endovascular treatment.

Tables

Table 1. Patient Characteristics (N = 63)
 
Demographic
Data are expressed as the mean ± SD or number (%). BMI: body mass index; HT: hypertension; DM: diabetes mellitus; DL: dyslipidemia; IHD: ischemic heart disease; HD: hemodialysis; AF: atrial fibrillation; TC: total cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; BG: blood glucose; CRP: C-reactive protein; ABI: ankle-brachial index; %MAP: percentage of mean arterial pressure; UT: upstroke time.
  Age, years73.3 ± 7.6
  Male/female48 (76%)/15 (24%)
  Height, m1.61 ± 0.09
  Weight, kg61.3 ± 13.2
  BMI, kg/m223.6 ± 4.4
Medical history
  HT52 (83%)
  DM (type 2)39 (62%)
  DL41 (65%)
  IHD32 (51%)
  HD17 (27%)
  AF7 (11%)
  Current/past smoking40 (63%)/6 (10%)
Laboratory characteristics
  TC, mg/dL180 ± 38
  HDL-C, mg/dL52 ± 15
  LDL-C, mg/dL103 ± 31
  TG, mg/dL150 ± 68
  HbA1c, %6.5 ± 0.9
  BG, mg/dL135 ± 42
  CRP, mg/dL0.57 ± 1.37
Clinical presentation
  Fontaine stage: 2/3/445 (71%)/3 (5%)/15 (24%)
  Rutherford category: 2/3/4/5/635 (56%)/10 (16%)/3 (5%)/11 (17%)/4 (6%)
ABI0.66 ± 0.12
%MAP, %49.9 ± 4.7
UT, ms224 ± 51

 

Table 2. Lesion Characteristics (N = 63)
 
Lesions
CIA: common iliac artery; EIA: external iliac artery; CFA: common femoral artery; SFA: superficial femoral artery; POP: popliteal artery; TASCII: Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II; PACSS: peripheral arterial calcium scoring system; POBA: plain old balloon angioplasty; DCB: drug-coated balloon.
  CIA12 (19%)
  EIA5 (8%)
  TASCII A/B/C/D7/7/2/1
  CFA2 (3%)
  SFA43 (68%)
  POP1 (2%)
  TASCII A/B/C/D4/20/15/7
Lesion length
  Focal, ≤ 1 cm6 (10%)
  Short, > 1 and < 5 cm29 (46%)
  Intermediate, ≥ 5 and < 15 cm19 (30%)
  Long, ≥ 15 cm9 (14%)
PACSS grade
  06 (10%)
  121 (33%)
  214 (22%)
  316 (25%)
  46 (10%)
Stenosis
  75%4 (6%)
  90%30 (48%)
  99%8 (13%)
  100%21 (33%)
Procedure
  POBA28 (44%)
  DCB5 (8%)
  Stent27 (43%)
  Viabahn® stent graft3 (5%)