Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 3, Number 1, February 2012, pages 1-7

Temporary Transvenous Cardiac Pacing in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction Predicts Increased Mortality

**Table 1.** Demographic Characteristics of the Patients
Age	65.2 ± 14.8 years (range 21-94)
Sex	47 (64%) Male, 26 (36%) Females
Comorbid conditions	Number of patients
Coronary Artery Disease	31
Diabetes Mellitus	27
Hypertension	48
Peripheral Vascular Disease	2
Dyslipidemia	12
Sick Sinus Syndrome	12
Acute Kidney Insufficiency	6
Chronic Kidney Disease	3
Overdose	4
Trauma	1
Meningitis	1

Table 1. Demographic Characteristics of the Patients

Age

65.2 ± 14.8 years (range 21-94)

Sex

47 (64%) Male, 26 (36%) Females

Comorbid conditions

Number of patients

Coronary Artery Disease

Diabetes Mellitus

Hypertension

Peripheral Vascular Disease

Dyslipidemia

Sick Sinus Syndrome

Acute Kidney Insufficiency

Chronic Kidney Disease

Overdose

Trauma

Meningitis

**Table 2.** Temporary Pacemaker Indications
*Non: AMI Complete AV block (Age related fibrosis-Lenegre’s disease, cardiomyopathy etc.); SSS: Sick sinus syndrome; UGIB: Upper GI bleed.
Indications	Patient number
Acute Myocardial Infarction Group
Bradyarrhythmias including complete heart block from AV nodal artery involvement requiring TP	29
Non- Acute Myocardial Infarction Group
Complete Heart Block from Age related fibrosis-Lenegre’s disease, Cardiomyopathy, etc.	14
2nd degree AV Block ( symptomatic type 2)	2
Trifascicular Block	1
Severe Bradycardia from CNS/PNS events	3
Sinus Nodal Dysfunction/SSS	5
Secondary 2nd degree AV blocks/ complete AV block
1)Electrolyte abnormalities and renal failure	4
2)Drug toxicity	4
Malfunction/ Infection of cardiac pacemaker (twiddler syndrome)	4
Miscellaneous (Asystole-4/ Trauma related-1/UGIB-1/Sepsis-1)	7
Total Patients	73

Table 2. Temporary Pacemaker Indications

*Non: AMI Complete AV block (Age related fibrosis-Lenegre’s disease, cardiomyopathy etc.); SSS: Sick sinus syndrome; UGIB: Upper GI bleed.

Indications

Patient number

Acute Myocardial Infarction Group

Bradyarrhythmias including complete heart block from AV nodal artery involvement requiring TP

Non- Acute Myocardial Infarction Group

Complete Heart Block from Age related fibrosis-Lenegre’s disease, Cardiomyopathy, etc.

2nd degree AV Block ( symptomatic type 2)

Trifascicular Block

Severe Bradycardia from CNS/PNS events

Sinus Nodal Dysfunction/SSS

Secondary 2nd degree AV blocks/ complete AV block

1)Electrolyte abnormalities and renal failure

2)Drug toxicity

Malfunction/ Infection of cardiac pacemaker (twiddler syndrome)

Miscellaneous (Asystole-4/ Trauma related-1/UGIB-1/Sepsis-1)

Total Patients

**Table 3.** Risk Factor Comparison of AMI and Non AMI Groups
	AMI group	Non-AMI Group
PVD: Peripheral vascular disease; CVA: Cerebrovascular accident; CAD: Coronary artery disease.
Number of patients	29 (39.7 %)	44 (60.3%)
Age	66.6 ± 10.4	64.5 ± 17.1
Male sex	20 (68.9%)	27 (61.4%)
Diabetes Mellitus	13 (44.8%)	14 (31.8%)
Hypertension	24 (82.8%)	24 (54.5 %)
Dyslipidemia	10 (34.5%)	2 (4.5 %)
History of CAD	20 (69%)	11 (25%)
PVD	1 (3.4 %)	1 (2.3%)
CVA	1 (3.4 %)	7 (15.9 %)
Hypothyroidism	1 (3.4 %)	5 (11.5%)

Table 3. Risk Factor Comparison of AMI and Non AMI Groups

AMI group

Non-AMI Group

PVD: Peripheral vascular disease; CVA: Cerebrovascular accident; CAD: Coronary artery disease.

Number of patients

29 (39.7 %)

44 (60.3%)

Age

66.6 ± 10.4

64.5 ± 17.1

Male sex

20 (68.9%)

27 (61.4%)

Diabetes Mellitus

13 (44.8%)

14 (31.8%)

Hypertension

24 (82.8%)

24 (54.5 %)

Dyslipidemia

10 (34.5%)

2 (4.5 %)

History of CAD

20 (69%)

11 (25%)

PVD

1 (3.4 %)

1 (2.3%)

CVA

1 (3.4 %)

7 (15.9 %)

Hypothyroidism

1 (3.4 %)

5 (11.5%)

**Table 4.** Comparison of AMI and Non AMI Groups
	AMI group	Non-AMI Group	P value
TP: Temporary pacemaker; PPM: Permanent pacemaker; AVB: Atrioventricular block; V-Tach: Ventricular tachycardia.
Number of patients	29	44
Mortality	27.6%	15.9%	P = 0.25
Duration of TP	2.4 days	2.8 days	P = 0.61
Complete AVB	23/29	14/44	P = 0.03
PPM	6/29	24/44	P < 0.05
TP Repositioned	0/29	6/44	P = 0.052
V-Tach episodes	6/29	5/44	P = 0.35
Total complications	8/29	13/44	P = 0.8
Frequent PVC’s	3/29	5/44	P = 0.9

Table 4. Comparison of AMI and Non AMI Groups

AMI group

Non-AMI Group

P value

TP: Temporary pacemaker; PPM: Permanent pacemaker; AVB: Atrioventricular block; V-Tach: Ventricular tachycardia.

Number of patients

Mortality

27.6%

15.9%

P = 0.25

Duration of TP

2.4 days

2.8 days

P = 0.61

Complete AVB

23/29

14/44

P = 0.03

PPM

6/29

24/44

P < 0.05

TP Repositioned

0/29

6/44

P = 0.052

V-Tach episodes

6/29

5/44

P = 0.35

Total complications

8/29

13/44

P = 0.8

Frequent PVC’s

3/29

5/44

P = 0.9