Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access
Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc
Journal website http://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 11, Number 4, August 2020, pages 233-238

The Determination of the Plaque Burden on the Carotid Artery With Ultrasound Significantly Improves the Risk Prediction in Middle-Aged Subjects Compared to PROCAM: An Outcome Study

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) comparison of types I - IVb vs. TPA vs. PROCAM. TPA: total plaque area (carotid plaque); PROCAM: the Prospective Cardiovascular Munster Study.
Figure 2.
Figure 2. Distribution of patients with a cardiovascular event (n = 132) among risk categories defined by ultrasound and by PROCAM. PROCAM: the Prospective Cardiovascular Munster Study.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Coronary findings in the presence of a type III - IVb finding on ultrasound.

Table

Table 1. Four-Field Table for the Prediction of a Coronary Stenosis for TPA/Maximum Plaque Thickness vs. TPA 80 vs. PROCAM
 
TestCHDTotal
D-D+
TPA: total plaque area (carotid plaque); CHD: coronary heart disease; PROCAM: the Prospective Cardiovascular Munster Study; CI: confidence interval; SE: sensitivity; SP: specificity; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; Prev: prevalence.
TPA/maximum plaque thickness
  T-2,066202,086
  T+310112422
  Total2,3761322,508
  SE85% (95% CI: 78% - 90%)
  SP87% (95% CI: 86% - 88%)
  PPV27% (95% CI: 22% - 31%)
  NPV99% (95% CI: 99% - 99%)
  Prev5% (95% CI: 4% - 6%)
TPA 80
  T-1,904211,925
  T+472111583
  Total2,3761322,508
  SE84% (95% CI: 77% - 90%)
  SP80% (95% CI: 78% - 82%)
  PPV19% (95% CI: 16% - 22%)
  NPV99% (95% CI: 98% - 99%)
  Prev5% (95% CI: 4% - 6%)
PROCAM
  T-2,2601042,364
  T+11628144
  Total2,3761322,508
  SE21% (95% CI: 15% - 29%)
  SP95% (95% CI: 94% - 96%)
  PPV19% (95% CI: 13% - 27%)
  NPV96% (95% CI: 95% - 96%)
  Prev5% (95% CI: 4% - 6%)