Cardiol Res

Cardiology Research, ISSN 1923-2829 print, 1923-2837 online, Open Access

Article copyright, the authors; Journal compilation copyright, Cardiol Res and Elmer Press Inc

Journal website https://www.cardiologyres.org

Original Article

Volume 3, Number 6, December 2012, pages 258-263

Asymptomatic Left Bundle Branch Block Predicts New-Onset Congestive Heart Failure and Death From Cardiovascular Diseases

Figure 2. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showing the effects of left bundle branch block on cardiovascular mortality by age (P < 0.05).

**Table 1.** Baseline Characteristic of the Study Population According to Their ECG LBBB Diagnosis
Characteristic	With LBBB (n = 42)	Without LBBB (n = 1,646)	Total (n = 1,688)
* P < 0.05; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Male, n (%)	17 (40.5)	669 (40.6)	686 (40.6)
Age, y (mean ± SD)	74.0 ± 8.4*	69.2 ± 8.3	69.4 ± 8.3
Atherosclerosis, n (%)	13 (31.0)*	268 (16.3)	281 (16.6)
Hypertension, n (%)	23 (54.8)	720 (43.7)	743 (44.0)
Diabetes, n (%)	4 (9.5)	101 (6.1)	105 (6.2)
Kidney disease, n (%)	2 (4.8)	44 (2.7)	46 (2.7)
COPD, n (%)	2 (4.8)	194 (11.8)	196 (11.6)

Table 1. Baseline Characteristic of the Study Population According to Their ECG LBBB Diagnosis

Characteristic

With LBBB (n = 42)

Without LBBB (n = 1,646)

Total (n = 1,688)

* P < 0.05; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Male, n (%)

17 (40.5)

669 (40.6)

686 (40.6)

Age, y (mean ± SD)

74.0 ± 8.4*

69.2 ± 8.3

69.4 ± 8.3

Atherosclerosis, n (%)

13 (31.0)*

268 (16.3)

281 (16.6)

Hypertension, n (%)

23 (54.8)

720 (43.7)

743 (44.0)

Diabetes, n (%)

4 (9.5)

101 (6.1)

105 (6.2)

Kidney disease, n (%)

2 (4.8)

44 (2.7)

46 (2.7)

COPD, n (%)

2 (4.8)

194 (11.8)

196 (11.6)

**Table 2.** Multivariable Logistic Analysis of LBBB as a Predictor of Incident CHF and Cardiovascular Death
Characteristics	Incident CHF Cumulative Incidence Ratio	Cardiovascular Death Cumulative Incidence Ratio
LBBB: Left bundle branch block; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF: Congestive heart failure; CHF identified in this model were age, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and COPD.
Demographic characteristics
Age	1.06 (1.02 - 1.09)	0.001	1.15 (1.12 - 1.18)	0.000
Male gender	1.11 (0.67 - 1.85)	0.629	1.64 (1.11 - 2.44)	0.014
Medical/environmental history
LBBB	2.85 (1.01 - 8.02)	0.047	2.35 (1.02 - 5.41)	0.044
Atherosclerosis	3.05 (1.79 - 5.19)	0.000	2.66 (1.75 - 4.03)	0.000
Hypertension	1.68 (0.99 - 2.84)	0.051	1.57 (1.05 - 2.35)	0.027
Diabetes	2.31 (1.09 - 4.91)	0.029	1.18 (0.59 - 2.37)	0.644
Kidney Disease	1.15 (0.26 - 5.18)	0.852	1.95 (0.73 - 5.18)	0.182
COPD	2.21 (1.14 - 4.26)	0.018	1.07 (0.60 - 1.88)	0.824

Table 2. Multivariable Logistic Analysis of LBBB as a Predictor of Incident CHF and Cardiovascular Death

Characteristics

Incident CHF Cumulative Incidence Ratio

Cardiovascular Death Cumulative Incidence Ratio

(95% CI)

LBBB: Left bundle branch block; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF: Congestive heart failure; CHF identified in this model were age, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and COPD.

Demographic characteristics

Age

1.06 (1.02 - 1.09)

0.001

1.15 (1.12 - 1.18)

0.000

Male gender

1.11 (0.67 - 1.85)

0.629

1.64 (1.11 - 2.44)

0.014

Medical/environmental history

LBBB

2.85 (1.01 - 8.02)

0.047

2.35 (1.02 - 5.41)

0.044

Atherosclerosis

3.05 (1.79 - 5.19)

0.000

2.66 (1.75 - 4.03)

0.000

Hypertension

1.68 (0.99 - 2.84)

0.051

1.57 (1.05 - 2.35)

0.027

Diabetes

2.31 (1.09 - 4.91)

0.029

1.18 (0.59 - 2.37)

0.644

Kidney Disease

1.15 (0.26 - 5.18)

0.852

1.95 (0.73 - 5.18)

0.182

COPD

2.21 (1.14 - 4.26)

0.018

1.07 (0.60 - 1.88)

0.824

**Table 3.** Causes of Death of the Study Population
Cause of death (n = 362)	Number (%)
^a: Percent of category deaths.
Cardiovascular	134 (37.1)
Cardiac	97 (72.4)^a
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease	14 (14.4)^a
Cardiac arrest	2 (2.1)
Congestive heart failure	23 (23.7)
Coronary artery disease	7 (7.2)
Heart disease	51 (52.6)
Noncardiac	37 (27.6)
Stroke	34 (91.9)^a
Other (aortic aneurysms)	3 (8.1)
Non-cardiovascular	228 (62.9)

Table 3. Causes of Death of the Study Population

Cause of death (n = 362)

Number (%)

^a: Percent of category deaths.

Cardiovascular

134 (37.1)

Cardiac

97 (72.4)^a

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

14 (14.4)^a

Cardiac arrest

2 (2.1)

Congestive heart failure

23 (23.7)

Coronary artery disease

7 (7.2)

Heart disease

51 (52.6)

Noncardiac

37 (27.6)

Stroke

34 (91.9)^a

Other (aortic aneurysms)

3 (8.1)

Non-cardiovascular

228 (62.9)